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POI导出EXCEL经典实现
阅读量:6628 次
发布时间:2019-06-25

本文共 13827 字,大约阅读时间需要 46 分钟。

2009-03-04 21:22 16774人阅读 评论(32) 收藏 举报

在web开发中,有一个经典的功能,就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出,在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍,因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF,我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。(注意,我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出!么误会啦^_^)


呵呵,首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。这里我们用Apache POI!我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包:http:
//poi.apache.org/ ,我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。


将3个jar包导入到classpath下,什么?忘了怎么导包?不会吧!好,我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类(所谓实用,是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的!)。我一直强调做类也好,做方法也好,一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么,熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道,这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错,大伙请看:


package
 org.leno.export.util;


import
 java.util.Date;


public
 
class
 Student {


     
private
 
long
 id;

     
private
 String name;

     
private
 
int
 age;

     
private
 
boolean
 sex;

     
private
 Date birthday;


     
public
 Student() {

            
super
();

            
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

     }


     
public
 Student(
long
 id, String name, 
int
 age, 
boolean
 sex, Date birthday) {

            
super
();

            
this
.id = id;

            
this
.name = name;

            
this
.age = age;

            
this
.sex = sex;

            
this
.birthday = birthday;

     }


     
public
 
long
 getId() {

            
return
 id;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setId(
long
 id) {

            
this
.id = id;

     }


     
public
 String getName() {

            
return
 name;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setName(String name) {

            
this
.name = name;

     }


     
public
 
int
 getAge() {

            
return
 age;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setAge(
int
 age) {

            
this
.age = age;

     }


     
public
 
boolean
 getSex() {

            
return
 sex;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setSex(
boolean
 sex) {

            
this
.sex = sex;

     }


     
public
 Date getBirthday() {

            
return
 birthday;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setBirthday(Date birthday) {

            
this
.birthday = birthday;

     }


}


package
 org.leno.export.util;


public
 
class
 Book {

     
private
 
int
 bookId;

     
private
 String name;

     
private
 String author;

     
private
 
float
 price;

     
private
 String isbn;

     
private
 String pubName;

     
private
 
byte
[] preface;


     
public
 Book() {

            
super
();

     }


     
public
 Book(
int
 bookId, String name, String author, 
float
 price,

                 String isbn, String pubName, 
byte
[] preface) {

            
super
();

            
this
.bookId = bookId;

            
this
.name = name;

            
this
.author = author;

            
this
.price = price;

            
this
.isbn = isbn;

            
this
.pubName = pubName;

            
this
.preface = preface;

     }


     
public
 
int
 getBookId() {

            
return
 bookId;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setBookId(
int
 bookId) {

            
this
.bookId = bookId;

     }


     
public
 String getName() {

            
return
 name;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setName(String name) {

            
this
.name = name;

     }


     
public
 String getAuthor() {

            
return
 author;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setAuthor(String author) {

            
this
.author = author;

     }


     
public
 
float
 getPrice() {

            
return
 price;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setPrice(
float
 price) {

            
this
.price = price;

     }


     
public
 String getIsbn() {

            
return
 isbn;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setIsbn(String isbn) {

            
this
.isbn = isbn;

     }


     
public
 String getPubName() {

            
return
 pubName;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setPubName(String pubName) {

            
this
.pubName = pubName;

     }


     
public
 
byte
[] getPreface() {

            
return
 preface;

     }


     
public
 
void
 setPreface(
byte
[] preface) {

            
this
.preface = preface;

     }

}


上面这两个类一目了然,就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类:

package
 org.leno.export.util;


import
 java.io.*;

import
 java.lang.reflect.*;

import
 java.util.*;

import
 java.util.regex.Matcher;

import
 java.util.regex.Pattern;

import
 java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import
 javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import
 org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;

import
 org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;


/**
* 利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档
* 转载时请保留以下信息,注明出处!
* @author leno
* @version v1.0
* @param <T> 应用泛型,代表任意一个符合javabean风格的类
* 注意这里为了简单起见,boolean型的属性xxx的get器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()
* byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据
*/

public
 
class
 ExportExcel<T> {


     
public
 
void
 exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) {

            exportExcel(
"测试POI导出EXCEL文档"
null
, dataset, out, 
"yyyy-MM-dd"
);

     }


     
public
 
void
 exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,

                 OutputStream out) {

            exportExcel(
"测试POI导出EXCEL文档"
, headers, dataset, out, 
"yyyy-MM-dd"
);

     }


     
public
 
void
 exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,

                 OutputStream out, String pattern) {

            exportExcel(
"测试POI导出EXCEL文档"
, headers, dataset, out, pattern);

     }


     
/**
        * 这是一个通用的方法,利用了JAVA的反射机制,可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上
        *
        * @param title
        *                        表格标题名
        * @param headers
        *                        表格属性列名数组
        * @param dataset
        *                        需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的
        *                        javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)
        * @param out
        *                        与输出设备关联的流对象,可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中
        * @param pattern
        *                        如果有时间数据,设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd"
        */

     @SuppressWarnings(
"unchecked"
)

     
public
 
void
 exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,

                 Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) {

            
// 声明一个工作薄

            HSSFWorkbook workbook = 
new
 HSSFWorkbook();

            
// 生成一个表格

            HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);

            
// 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节

            sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((
short
) 15);

            
// 生成一个样式

            HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();

            
// 设置这些样式

            style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);

            style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

            style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

            style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

            style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

            style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

            style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

            
// 生成一个字体

            HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();

            font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);

            font.setFontHeightInPoints((
short
) 12);

            font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);

            
// 把字体应用到当前的样式

            style.setFont(font);

            
// 生成并设置另一个样式

            HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();

            style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);

            style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

            style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

            style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

            style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

            style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

            style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

            style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);

            
// 生成另一个字体

            HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();

            font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);

            
// 把字体应用到当前的样式

            style2.setFont(font2);

         

            
// 声明一个画图的顶级管理器

            HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();

            
// 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档

            HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(
new
 HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, (
short
) 4, 2, (
short
) 6, 5));

            
// 设置注释内容

            comment.setString(
new
 HSSFRichTextString(
"可以在POI中添加注释!"
));

            
// 设置注释作者,当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.

            comment.setAuthor(
"leno"
);


            
//产生表格标题行

            HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);

            
for
 (
short
 i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {

                 HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);

                 cell.setCellStyle(style);

                 HSSFRichTextString text = 
new
 HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);

                 cell.setCellValue(text);

            }


            
//遍历集合数据,产生数据行

            Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();

            
int
 index = 0;

            
while
 (it.hasNext()) {

                 index++;

                 row = sheet.createRow(index);

                 T t = (T) it.next();

                 
//利用反射,根据javabean属性的先后顺序,动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值

                 Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

                 
for
 (
short
 i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {

                        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);

                        cell.setCellStyle(style2);

                        Field field = fields[i];

                        String fieldName = field.getName();

                        String getMethodName = 
"get"

                                     + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()

                                     + fieldName.substring(1);

                        
try
 {

                                Class tCls = t.getClass();

                                Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,

                                            
new
 Class[] {});

                                Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, 
new
 Object[] {});

                                
//判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换

                                String textValue = 
null
;

//                            if (value instanceof Integer) {

//                                 int intValue = (Integer) value;

//                                 cell.setCellValue(intValue);

//                            } else if (value instanceof Float) {

//                                 float fValue = (Float) value;

//                                 textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(

//                                             String.valueOf(fValue));

//                                 cell.setCellValue(textValue);

//                            } else if (value instanceof Double) {

//                                 double dValue = (Double) value;

//                                 textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(

//                                             String.valueOf(dValue));

//                                 cell.setCellValue(textValue);

//                            } else if (value instanceof Long) {

//                                 long longValue = (Long) value;

//                                 cell.setCellValue(longValue);

//                            }

                                
if
 (value 
instanceof
 Boolean) {

                                     
boolean
 bValue = (Boolean) value;

                                     textValue = 
"男"
;

                                     
if
 (!bValue) {

                                            textValue =
"女"
;

                                     }

                                } 
else
 
if
 (value 
instanceof
 Date) {

                                     Date date = (Date) value;

                                     SimpleDateFormat sdf = 
new
 SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

                                        textValue = sdf.format(date);

                                }    
else
 
if
 (value 
instanceof
 
byte
[]) {

                                     
// 有图片时,设置行高为60px;

                                     row.setHeightInPoints(60);

                                     
// 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算

                                     sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (
short
) (35.7 * 80));

                                     
// sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);

                                     
byte
[] bsValue = (
byte
[]) value;

                                     HSSFClientAnchor anchor = 
new
 HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,

                                                 1023, 255, (
short
) 6, index, (
short
) 6, index);

                                     anchor.setAnchorType(2);

                                     patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(

                                                 bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));

                                } 
else
{

                                     
//其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理

                                     textValue = value.toString();

                                }

                                
//如果不是图片数据,就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成

                                
if
(textValue!=
null
){

                                     Pattern p = Pattern.compile(
"^//d+(//.//d+)?$");    
                                     Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
                                     if(matcher.matches()){
                                            //是数字当作double处理
                                            cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
                                     }else{
                                            HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(textValue);
                                            HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
                                            font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
                                            richString.applyFont(font3);
                                            cell.setCellValue(richString);
                                     }
                                }
                        } catch (SecurityException e) {
                                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                                e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                                e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                                e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                                e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                                e.printStackTrace();
                        } finally {
                                //清理资源
                        }
                 }
            }
            try {
                 workbook.write(out);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
            }
     }
     public static void main(String[] args) {
            // 测试学生
            ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();
            String[] headers = { "学号""姓名""年龄""性别""出生日期" };
            List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();
            dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "张三", 20, truenew Date()));
            dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, falsenew Date()));
            dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, truenew Date()));
            // 测试图书
            ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();
            String[] headers2 = { "图书编号""图书名称""图书作者""图书价格""图书ISBN",
                        "图书出版社""封面图片" };
            List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();
            try {
                 BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
                                new FileInputStream("book.jpg"));
                 byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
                 while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) {
                        //
                 }
                 dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp""leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
                                "清华出版社", buf));
                 dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想""brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
                                "阳光出版社", buf));
                 dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术""lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
                                "清华出版社", buf));
                 dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典""leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
                                "清华出版社", buf));
                 dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门""leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
                                "汤春秀出版社", buf));
                 OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
                 OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");
                 ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
                 ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);
                 out.close();
                 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null"导出成功!");
                 System.out.println("excel导出成功!");
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
            }
     }
}
不行,头有点晕^_^。呵呵,又是泛型,又是反射,又是正则表达式,又是重载,还有多参数列表和POI API。一下子蹦出来,实在让人吃不消。不管了,顶住看效果先。在本地运行后,我们发现在E://下生成了两份excel文件:学生记录和图书记录,并且中文,数字,颜色,日期,图片等等一且正常。恩,太棒了。有人看到这里开始苦脸了:喂,我怎么一运行就报错啊!呵呵,看看什么错吧!哦,找不到文件,也就是说你没有book.jpg嘛。好,拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前工程下吧。注意,您千万别把张桌面大小的图片丢进去了^_^!看到效果了吧。现在我们再来简单梳理一下代码,实际上上面就做了一个导出excel的方法和一个本地测试main()方法。并且代码的结构也很清晰,只是涉及的知识点稍微多一点。大家细心看看注释,结合要完成的功能,应该没有太大问题的。好啦,吃杯茶,擦把汗,总算把这个类消化掉,你又进步了。咦,你不是说是在WEB环境下导出的吗?别急,因为导出就是一个下载的过程。我们只需要在服务器端写一个Jsp或者Servlet组件完成输出excel到浏览器客户端的工作就好了。我们以Servlet为例,还是看代码吧:
package org.leno.export.util;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author leno
* 使用servlet导出动态生成的excel文件,数据可以来源于数据库
* 这样,浏览器客户端就可以访问该servlet得到一份用java代码动态生成的excel文件
*/
public class Export extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet{
     static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            File file = new File(getServletContext().getRealPath("WEB-INF/book.jpg"));
            response.setContentType("octets/stream");
            response.addHeader("Content-Disposition""attachment;filename=test.xls");
            //测试图书
            ExportExcel<Book> ex = new ExportExcel<Book>();
            String[] headers = { "图书编号""图书名称""图书作者""图书价格""图书ISBN",
                        "图书出版社""封面图片" };
            List<Book> dataset = new ArrayList<Book>();
            try {
                 BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
                             new FileInputStream(file));
                 byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
                 while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) {
                        //将图片数据存放到缓冲数组中
                 }
                 dataset.add(new Book(1, "jsp""leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
                                "清华出版社", buf));
                 dataset.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想""brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
                                "阳光出版社", buf));
                 dataset.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术""lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
                                "清华出版社", buf));
                 dataset.add(new Book(4, "c++经典""leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
                                "清华出版社", buf));
                 dataset.add(new Book(5, "c#入门""leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
                                "汤春秀出版社", buf));
                 OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
                 ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
                 out.close();
                 System.out.println("excel导出成功!");
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
            }
     } 
    
     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
     }                            
}

写完之后,如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。而且同样的,拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/下。部署好web工程,用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧!是不是下载成功了。呵呵,您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来,这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考:我们发现,我们做的方法,不管是本地调用,还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用;不管是输出学生列表,还是图书列表信息,代码都几乎一样,而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩,类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦,祝您学习愉快!

本文转自yunlielai51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/4925054/1143197,如需转载请自行联系原作者

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